Research Interests
Distributed and networking systems, overlay systems and applications,
wireless sensor and mesh networks, system resource management, and design and
implementations of experimental algorithms.
Journal Publications
- P.
Huang, C. Wang, and L. Xiao, “Improving End-to-End Routing
Performance of Greedy Forwarding in Sensor Networks,” Accepted to
appear in IEEE Transactions on
Parallel and Distributed Systems.
- K.
Pongaliur, L. Xiao, and A. Liu, “Dynamic Camouflage Event Based
Malicious Node Detection Architecture,” Accepted to appear in Journal of Supercomputing.
- X.
Liu and L. Xiao, “ILBO: Balance Inbound Traffic Dynamically in
Multi-homed Stub Networks,” IEEE
Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.21, No.11, 2010,
pp.1561-1572.
- Y.
Ding and L. Xiao, “SADV: Static-Node Assisted Adaptive Data
Dissemination in Vehicular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol.59, No.5, June 2010, pp.2445-2455.
- Y.
Ding, C. Wang, and L. Xiao, “Using Mobile Beacons to Locate Sensors
in Obstructed Environments,” Accepted to appear in Journal of Parallel and Distributed
Computing, Vol.70, Issue 6, June 2010,
pp.644-656.
- G.
Zeng, B. Wang, Y. Ding, L. Xiao, and M. Mutka “Efficient Multicast
Algorithms for Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and
Distributed Systems, Vol.21, No.1, 2010, pp.86-99.
- Y.
Ding, C. Wang, and L. Xiao, “An Adaptive Partitioning Scheme for
Sleep Scheduling and Topology Control in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and
Distributed Systems, Vol.20, No.9, 2009, pp.1352-1365.
- A.
Patil, A.-H. Esfahanian, Y. Liu, and L. Xiao, “Resource Allocation
Using Multiple Edge-Sharing Multicast Trees,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol.57, No.5,
September 2008, pp.3178-3186.
- C.
Wang and L. Xiao, “Sensor Localization in Concave Environments,”
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks,
Vol.4, Iss.1, January 2008, pp.3:1-3:31.
- A.
Patil, Y. Liu, L. Xiao, A.-H. Esfahanian, and L. Ni, “SOLONet:
Sub-optimal location-aided overlay network for MANETs,”
Wireless Networks, Vol.14, No.4,
August 2008, pp.415-433.
- Y.
Liu, L. Xiao, and L. Ni, “Building a Scalable Bipartite P2P Overlay
Network,” IEEE Transactions on
Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.18, No.9, 2007, pp.1296-1306.
- C.
Wang and L. Xiao, “Sensor Localization under Limited Measurement
Capabilities,” IEEE
Network, Vol.21 No.3, May/June 2007, pp.16-23.
- X.
Liu and L. Xiao, “A Survey of Multihoming Technology in Stub Networks:
Current Research and Open Issues,” IEEE Network, Vol.21 No.3, May/June
2007, pp.32-40.
- C.
Wang and L. Xiao, “An Effective P2P Search Scheme to Exploit File Sharing
Heterogeneity,” IEEE
Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.18, No.2, 2007,
pp.145-157.
- L.
Xiao, Y. Liu, W. Gu, D. Xuan, and X. Liu, “Mutual
Anonymous Overlay Multicast,” Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Vol. 66, No. 9,
2006, pp.1205-1216.
- X.
Liu, Y. Liu, and L. Xiao, “Improving Query Response Delivery Quality in
Peer-to-Peer Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.17, No.11, 2006,
pp.1335-1347.
- L.
Xiao, X. Zhang, Z. Kuang, B. Feng, J. Kang, “Auto-CFD-NOW:
A pre-compiler for effectively parallelizing CFD applications on networks
of workstations,” Journal of
Supercomputing, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2006, pp.189-217.
- C.
Wang, L. Xiao, Y. Liu, and P. Zheng “DiCAS: an
Efficient Distributed Caching Mechanism for P2P Systems,”
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and
Distributed Systems, Vol.17, No.10, 2006, pp.1097-1109.
- J.
Oleszkiewicz, L. Xiao, and Y.
Liu, “Effectively utilizing global cluster memory for large
data-intensive parallel programs,” IEEE Transactions
on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.17. No.1, 2006,
pp.66-77.
- L. Xiao, Z. Zhuang, and Y. Liu, “Dynamic
layer management in super-peer architectures,” IEEE Transactions
on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.16. No.11, 2005,
pp.1078-1091.
- L. Xiao, Y. Liu, and L. M. Ni,
“Improving
Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Systems by Adaptive Connection Establishment,”
IEEE
Transactions on Computers, Vol.54, No.9, 2005, pp.1091-1103.
- L.
Guo, S. Jiang, L. Xiao, and X. Zhang, “Fast and Low
Cost Search Schemes by Exploiting Localities in P2P Networks,”
Journal of
Parallel and Distributed Computing, Vol. 65, No. 6, 2005,
pp.729-742.
- Y.
Liu, L. Xiao, X.
Liu, L. M. Ni, and X. Zhang,
“Location
Awareness in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Systems,” IEEE Transactions
on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.16, No.2, 2005,
pp.163-174.
- Y.
Liu, L. Xiao, L. M. Ni, Yunhuai Liu, “Building
Efficient Overlays,” Journal of Grid Computing, Vol.2, No. 2, 2004, pp.183-192.
- L. Xiao, X. Zhang, A. Andrzejak, and S. Chen,
"Building
a Large and Efficient Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Internet Caching System",
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and
Data Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 6, 2004, pp. 754-769.
- L. Xiao, S. Chen, and X. Zhang, "Adaptive Memory Allocations in Clusters to
Handle Unexpectedly Large Data-intensive Jobs", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and
Distributed Systems, Vol. 15, No. 7, 2004, pp.577-592.
- L. Xiao, A.
Patil, Y.
Liu, L. M. Ni, and A.-H. Esfahanian, "Prioritized Overlay Multicast in Ad-hoc
Environments",
IEEE Computer, February
2004, pp. 67-74.
- L. Xiao, X. Chen,
X.
Zhang, and Y. Liu, “On Scalable and Locality Aware Web Document
Sharing", Journal of Parallel and Distributed
Computing (JPDC), Vol.
63, No. 10, October 2003, pp.945-962.
- L. Xiao, Z. Xu and X. Zhang,
“Low-cost and Reliable Mutual Anonymity
Protocols in Peer-to-Peer Networks", IEEE
Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 14, No. 9,
2003, pp.829-840.
- L. Xiao, S. Chen
and X.
Zhang, “Dynamic cluster resource allocations for jobs with
known and unknown memory demands", IEEE Transactions
on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2002, pp.223-240.
- L.
Xiao, X.
Zhang, and S. A. Kubricht, “Improving Memory Performance of Sorting
Algorithms”, ACM Journal on Experimental
Algorithmics, Vol. 5, 2000.
Conference Publications
- Y. Ding, Y. Yang, and L.
Xiao, “Multi-Path Routing and Rate Allocation for
Multi-Source Video On-Demand Streaming in Wireless Mesh Networks,”
Proceedings of the 30th IEEE International Conference
on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2011), Shanghai, China, April 2011,
pp.2051-2059.
- K. Pongaliur and L. Xiao,
“Maintaining Source Privacy under Eavesdropping and
Node Compromise Attacks,” Proceedings of the 30th
IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM
2011), Shanghai,
China, April 2011, pp.1656-1664.
- J. Zhao, N. Xi, B. Gao, M.
Mutka, and L. Xiao, “Development of a Controllable and Continuous
Jumping Robot,” Proceedings of
2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA
2011), Shanghai, China, May 9-13, 2011.
- Y. Ding and L. Xiao,
“Routing and Spectrum Allocation for Video On-Demand Streaming in
Cognitive Mesh Networks,” Proceedings
of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor
Systems (MASS 2010), San Francisco, California, November 2010, pp.242-251.
- J. Zhao, N. Xi, B. Gao, M.
Mutka, and L. Xiao, “Design and Testing of a Controllable Miniature
Jumping Robot,” Proceedings of
2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
(IROS 2010), Taipei, Taiwan, October 2010, pp.3346-3351.
- P.
Huang, C. Wang, L. Xiao, and H. Chen, “RC-MAC:
A Receiver-Centric Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor
Networks,” Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Workshop on Quality of
Service (IWQoS 2010),
Beijing, China, June 2010, pp.1-9.
- B.Wang, G. Zeng, M. Mutka,
and L. Xiao, “Routing for Minimum Length Schedule in Multichannel
TDMA basedWireless Mesh Networks,” Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on aWorld
ofWireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2010), Montreal,
Canada, June 2010, pp.1-6.
- Y.
Ding, K. Pongaliur, and L. Xiao, “HybridMulti-Channel
Multi-RadioWirelessMesh Networks,” Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Workshop on Quality of
Service (IWQoS 2009), Charleston, South Carolina, July 2009.
- K.
Pongaliur, L. Xiao, and A. Liu, “CENDA-Camouflage Event Based
Malicious Node Detection Architecture,” Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Trust,
Security and Privacy for Pervasive Applications (TSP-09),
Macau, China, October 2009, pp.848-855. (Best Paper Award)
- G.
Zeng, B.Wang, M. Mutka, L. Xiao, and E. Torng, “EfficientMulticast
for Link-Heterogeneous Wireless Mesh Networks,” Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Performance Computing
and Communications Conference (IPCCC 2009), Phoenix, Arizona, December
2009, pp.177-184.
- F.
Cintron, K. Pongaliur, M. Mutka, and L. Xiao “Energy Balancing
Hopping Sensor Network Model to Maximize Coverage,” Proceedings of the 18th IEEE
International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
(ICCCN 2009), San
Francisco, California, August 2009.
- J.
Zhao, R. Yang, N. Xi, B. Gao, X. Fan, M. Mutka, and L. Xiao,
“Development of a Miniature Self-Stabilization Jumping Robot,”
Proceedings of 2009 IEEE/RSJ
International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS
2009), St. Louis, Missouri, October 2009, pp.2217-2222.
- K.
Pongaliur, Z. Abraham, A. Liu, L. Xiao, and L. Kempel, “Securing
Sensor Nodes Against Side Channel Attacks,” Proceedings of the 11th IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering
Symposium (HASE 2008), Nanjing, China, December 2008.
- Y.
Ding, Y. Huang, G. Zeng, and L. Xiao, “Channel Assignment with
Partially Overlapping Channels inWireless Mesh Networks,” Proceedings of the fourth International
Wireless Internet Conference (WICON 2008), Hawaii, November 2008.
- X. Liu
and L. Xiao, “Inbound Traffic Load Balancing in BGP
Multi-homed Stub Networks,” Proceedings
of the IEEE 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
(ICDCS 2008), Beijing, China, June 2008, pp.369-376.
- G.
Zeng, B. Wang, Y. Ding, L. Xiao, and M. Mutka, “Multicast
Algorithms for Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference
on Network Protocols (ICNP 2007), Beijing, China, October 2007,
pp.1-10.
- Y. Liu,
X. Liu, C. Wang, and L. Xiao, “Defending P2Ps from Overlay Flooding-based DDoS,”
Proceedings of the 2007
International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP-07), Xi’an, China, September 2007.
- C.
Wang, and L. Xiao, “Improving Routing Quality of Greedy Forwarding
in Wireless Networks,” Proceedings
of Fourth International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems (IWQoS
2007), Chicago, Illinois, June 2007, pp.65-73.
- Y.
Ding, C. Wang, and L. Xiao, “A Connectivity Based Partition Approach
for Node Scheduling in Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on
Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS 2007), Santa Fe, New
Mexico, June 2007, pp.354-367.
- C.
Wang, G. Zeng, and L. Xiao, “Optimizing End to End Routing
Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on
Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS 2007), Santa Fe, New
Mexico, June 2007, pp.36-49.
- C.
Wang, and L. Xiao, “Improving Event-to-Sink Throughput in Wireless
Sensor Networks,” Proceedings
of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in
Sensor Systems (DCOSS 2007), Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 2007,
pp.50-63.
- G.
Zeng, C. Wang, and L. Xiao, “Grid Multicast: An Energy-efficient
Multicast Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the Fifteenth IEEE
International Workshop on Quality of Service (INSS 2007), Braunschweig,
Germany, June 2007, pp.267-274.
- C.
Wang, Y. Ding, and L. Xiao, “Virtual Ruler: Mobile Beacon Based Distance
Measurements for Indoor Sensor Localization,” Proceedings of the Third IEEE
International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS),
Vancouver, Canada, October 2006.
- B.
Connelly, C. Bowron, L. Xiao, P. Tan, and C. Wang “Adaptively
Routing P2P Queries Using Association Analysis,” Proceedings of the International
Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2006), Columbus, Ohio, August
2006, pp.281-288.
- X. Liu
and L. Xiao, “hiREP: Building a Hierarchical Reputation Management
System for Peer-to-Peer Systems,” Proceedings of the International
Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2006), Columbus, Ohio, August 2006, pp.289-296.
- X. Liu,
L. Xiao, A. Kreling, and Y. Liu, “Optimizing Overlay Topology by
Reducing Cut Vertices,” Proceedings
of International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for
Digital Audio and Video (ACM NOSSDAV 2006), Newport, Rhode Island, May
2006, pp.99-104.
- C.
Wang, L. Xiao, “Locating
Sensors in Concave Areas,” Proceedings of INFOCOM 2006, Barcelona, Spain, April 2006.
- L.
Xiao, X. Liu, W. Gu, D.
Xuan, Y.
Liu, “A Design of
Overlay Anonymous Multicast Protocol,” Proceedings of IEEE 2006 International
Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2006), Rhodes
Island, Greece, April 2006.
- A.
Patil, A.-H. Esfahanian,
L. Xiao and Y.
Liu, “Resource
Allocation using Multiple Edge-Sharing Multicast Trees,”
Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE
International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor
Systems (MASS 2005), Washington D.C., November 2005.
- Y.
Liu, L. Xiao, A.-H.
Esfahanian, and L. M. Ni, “Approaching Optimal Peer-to-Peer Overlays,”
Proceedings of the 13th IEEE
International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer
and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS 2005), Atlanta, Georgia,
September 2005, pp.407-414.
- C.
Wang, L. Xiao, and P. Zheng, “Prioritized Search in
Hierarchical Peer to Peer Networks,” Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Parallel
Processing (ICPP 2005), Oslo, Norway, June 2005, pp.269-276.
- C.
Wang, L. Xiao, and J. Rong, “Sensor Localization in
an Obstructed Environment,” Proceedings
of the 1st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Distributed Computing in
Sensor Systems (DCOSS 2005), Marina del Rey, California, June 2005,
pp.49-62.
- S.
Kang, M. Mutka, and L. Xiao, “Anonymous
Content Sharing in Ad Hoc Networks,” Proceedings of Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive
Computing and Communications (PerCom 2005), Kauai Island, Hawaii, USA,
March 2005, pp.290-295.
- J. Han,
Y. Liu, L.
Xiao, R. Xiao, L. M. Ni, “A Mutual
Anonymous Peer-to-peer Protocol Design,” Proceedings of IEEE 2005 International
Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2005), Denver,
Colorado, USA, April 2005.
- A.
Patil, Y.
Liu, L. Xiao, A.-H.
Esfahanian, and L. M. Ni, “SOLONet: Sub-Optimal Location-Aided Overlay Network
for MANETs,” Proceedings
of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems
(MASS 2004), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, October 2004, pp.324-333.
- X.
Liu, Y.
Liu, and L. Xiao,
“Reliable Response Delivery in Peer-to-Peer System,” Proceedings of IEEE International
Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and
Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS 2004), Volendam, Netherlands,
October 2004, pp.427-434.
- L.
Guo, S. Jiang, L.
Xiao, and X. Zhang, “Exploiting
Content Localities for Efficient Search in P2P Systems,”
Proceedings of 18th International
Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2004), Amsterdam,
Netherlands, October 2004, pp.349-364.
- J.
Oleszkiewicz, L. Xiao, and Y. Liu,
“Parallel Network RAM: Effectively Utilizing Global
Cluster Memory for Large Data-Intensive Parallel Programs,”
Proceedings of the 2004
International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2004 ),
Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 2004, pp.353-360.
- Z.
Zhuang, Y.
Liu, and L. Xiao, “Dynamic
Layer Management in Super-peer Architectures,” Proceedings of the 2004 International
Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2004 ), Montreal, Quebec,
Canada, August 2004, pp.29-36.
- Y.
Liu, L. Xiao, and L. M. Ni, “Building a Scalable Bipartite P2P Overlay Network,”
Proceedings of 18th International Parallel and Distributed
Processing Symposium (IPDPS
2004), Santa
Fe, New Mexico, USA, April 2004.
- Y.
Liu, Z.
Zhuang, L. Xiao, and L. M. Ni, "A Distributed Approach to Solving Overlay
Mismatching Problem", Proceedings of the 24th
International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2004), Tokyo, Japan, March 2004.
- C.
Wang, L. Xiao, Y.
Liu, and P. Zheng, "Distributed Caching and Adaptive Search in
Multilayer P2P Networks", Proceedings of the
24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2004), Tokyo, Japan, March 2004.
- Y.
Liu, X.
Liu, L. Xiao, L. M. Ni, and X. Zhang,
"Location-Aware Topology Matching in P2P
Systems", Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2004,
Hong Kong, China, March 2004.
- A.
Patil, Y. Liu, L. M. Ni,
L. Xiao, and A.-H. Esfahanian, ``POMA: Prioritized Overlay Multicast in Ad-hoc
Environments", Proceedings of the 2003
International Conference on High Performance Computing, (HiPC 2003), December 17-20, 2003.
- Y.
Liu, Z.
Zhuang, L. Xiao, and L. M. Ni, "AOTO: Adaptive Overlay Topology Optimization in
Unstructured P2P Systems", Proceedings
of IEEE GLOBECOM 2003, San Francisco, USA, December 1-5, 2003.
- L. Xiao, X. Zhang, Z.
Kuang, B. Feng, and J. Kang, ``Auto-CFD: efficiently parallelizing CFD
applications on clusters", Proceedings
of IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster2003), Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, December 1-4, 2003.
- Z.
Zhuang, Y. Liu, L. Xiao,
and L.
M. Ni, ``Hybrid Periodical Flooding Search in Unstructured
P2P Systems",
Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Parallel Processing,
(ICPP-03), Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
October 6-9, 2003.
- L. Xiao,
Z. Xu, and X. Zhang,
``Mutual anonymity protocols for hybrid peer-to-peer
systems", Proceedings of the 23rd International
Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, (ICDCS'2003), Providence,
Rhode Island, May 19-22, 2003.
- S. Chen,
L. Xiao, and X. Zhang,
``Adaptive and virtual reconfiguration for dynamic job
scheduling in clusters", Proceedings of the 22nd
International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems,
(ICDCS'2002), Vienna, Austria,
July 2-5, 2002.
- L. Xiao,
X.
Zhang, and Z. Xu, ``On reliable and scalable peer-to-peer Web document
sharing", Proceedings of 2002 International
Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, (IPDPS'02), Fort
Lauderdale, Florida,
April 15-19, 2002.
- L. Xiao
and X.
Zhang, ``Exploiting neglected data locality in browsers",
Proceedings of the 10th International World Wide Web Conference, (WWW-10),
Hong Kong, May
1-5, 2001, (an extended abstract).
- S. Chen,
L. Xiao, and X. Zhang,
``Dynamic load sharing with unknown memory demands in
clusters", Proceedings of the 21st International
Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, (ICDCS'2001), Phoenix,
Arizona, April 16-19, 2001.
- L. Xiao,
X.
Zhang, and S. A. Kubricht, ``Incorporating job migrations and network RAM to
Share Cluster Memory Resources", Proceedings of the
9th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing,
(HPDC-9), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
August 1-5, 2000.
- L. Xiao,
X.
Zhang, and Y. Qu, ``Effective load sharing on heterogeneous networks of
workstations", Proceedings of the 2000
International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium,
(IPDPS'2000), Cancun, Mexico,
May 1-5, 2000.
- X. Zhang,
Y. Qu, and L. Xiao, ``Improving distributed workload performance by
sharing both CPU and memory resources", Proceedings
of the 20th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems,
(ICDCS'2000), Taipei, Taiwan, April 10-13, 2000.
Other Selected
Publications
- L. Xiao, J. Kang,
“Automatic Program Parallelization”, Proceedings of the
Ninth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and
Systems, Washington D.C., USA, October 1997. pp. 176-179.
- L.
Xiao and J. Kang, “Automatic Searching for Array's Shared Variable
for Parallelizing CFD Applications”, Journal of Software, 1997,
8(11), pp. 871-875.
- L.
Xiao and J. Kang, “Frame-Synchronization and Frame-Communication
Strategy for Parallelizing CFD Applications”, Journal of
Aeronautics, 1997,
18(5), pp. 523-527.
Patent
- Increasing
Peer Privacy, by Zhichen Xu and Li Xiao, United
States Patent No. 7,865,715, January 4, 2011.
- Increasing
Peer Privacy, by Zhichen Xu and Li Xiao, United
States Patent No. 7,398,388, July 8, 2008.
- Invoking
Mutual Anonymity by Electing to Become Head of a Returning Path, by
Zhichen Xu and Li Xiao, United States
Patent No. 7,167,979, January 23,
2007.
- Automatic Parallelization SPMD
Programs Based on Shared Data, CN 1180192A, approved by the Patent
Bureau, P. R. China, April, 1998. (with J. Kang, et. al.).